APPLIED LINGUISTIC

Applied linguistics

       Applied Linguistics is concerned with the systematic study of language structure, the acquisition of first and subsequent languages, the role of language in communication, and the status of language as the product of particular cultures and other social groups. A background in linguistics is essential for language teachers, translators, speech-language pathologists, audiologists, and many other language professionals. Linguistic Terapan(Applied linguistics) mencakup bidang : pengajaran bahasa,penerjemahan, leksikologi, fonetik terapan, sosiolinguistik terapan,pembinaan bahasainternasional, pembinaan bahasa khusus, linguistic medis, mekanolinguistik.

  Definition:

The use of language-related research in a wide variety of fields, including language acquisition, language teaching, literacy, literary studies, gender studies, speech therapy, discourse analysis, censorship, professional communication, media studies, translation studies, lexicography, and forensic linguistics.

Observations:

• "Applied linguistics began life in the 1950s as a postgraduate qualification. Its initial target, largely language teaching, has always been practical, policy-oriented. Its preparation at postgraduate level has been multidisciplinary and, as in mathematics, there is a continuing tension between pure (general, theoretical) linguistics and applied linguistics. It does not expect its conclusions to be buttressed with certainty (and it is unclear whether theoretical linguistics or any other social science can expect that, either). For applied linguistics, there is no finality: the problems such as how to assess language proficiency, what is the optimum age to begin a second language, what distinguishes native and non-native speakers, how we can treat memory loss, these problems may find local and temporary solutions but the problems recur. No doubt, once again, the same may be said of theoretical linguistics: whether all grammars are fundamentally one grammar; what the relation is between the sign and the referent; answers are partial, never final--the problems remain."
  (Alan Davies, An Introduction to Applied Linguistics: From Practice to Theory, 2nd ed. Edinburgh Univ. Press, 2007) 

•  "[A]pplied linguistics is an area of work that deals with language use in professional settings, translation, speech pathology, literacy, and language education; and it is not merely the application of linguistic knowledge to such settings but is a semiautonomous and interdisciplinary . . . domain of work that draws on but is not dependent on areas such as sociology, education, anthropology, cultural studies, and psychology."

Branches of Linguistics Like most academic disciplines, linguistics has been divided into numerous overlapping subfields--"a stew of alien and undigestible terms," as Randy Allen Harris characterized them in his 1993 book The Linguistics Wars (Oxford University Press). Using the sentence "Fideau chased the cat" as an example, Allen offered this "crash course" in the major branches of linguistics.

•  Phonetics , concerns the acoustic waveform itself, the systematic disruptions of air molecules that occur whenever someone utters the expression.
• Phonology,  concerns the elements of that waveform which recognizably punctuate the sonic flow--consonants, vowels, and syllables, represented on this page by letters.
•  Morphology,  concerns the words and meaningful subwords constructed out of the phonological elements--that Fideau is a noun, naming some mongrel, that chase is a verb signifying a specific action which calls for both a chaser and a chasee, that -ed is a suffix indicating past action, and so on.
•  Syntax , concerns the arrangement of those morphological elements into phrases and sentences--that chased the cat is a verb phrase, that the cat is its noun phrase (the chasee), that Fideau is another noun phrase (the chaser), that the whole thing is a sentence.
•  Semantics , concerns the proposition expressed by that sentence--in particular, that it is true if and only if some mutt named Fideau has chased some definite cat.

       applied linguistics itu menurut pendapat saya, adalah pemahaman ilmu bahasa tentang bagaimana teori kebahasaan yang telah dipelajari oleh first,second,and foreign language students bisa diaplikasikan kedalam bentuk yang sifatnya lebih practical.
Applied linguistics juga akan berhubungan dengan bagaimana bahasa itu digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Applied Linguistics is a growing and vibrant discipline in universities nationally and internationally. It is an interdisciplinary field of research and instruction that provides theoretical and descriptive foundations for the empirical investigation and solution of language-related issues, especially those of language education (first-language, second-language, foreign-language and heritage-language teaching and learning), but also issues of bilingualism and biliteracy, language policy, language assessment, translation and interpretation, lexicography, rhetoric and composition. Students who demonstrate competence in these areas increase their opportunities for employment, as many job descriptions indicate a preference for candidates with an emphasis in applied linguistics or second language acquisition. Also, with the ever-increasing number of second language learners at the K-12 levels, it is essential for all teachers and educational researchers to have a fundamental understanding of language learning and teaching theories and practices.

SOURCE: http://hotdianapasaribu.blogspot.com/2016/06/
                 /http://www.appliedlinguistics.ucsb.edu/